Analysis Note

The specific activity was determined by the dose-dependent stimulation of the proliferation of human TF-1 cells (human erythroleukemic indicator cell line).

Application

Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor human has been used as a colony-stimulating cytokine in human acute myeloid leukemia cell line (OCI-M2) to test its effect on 5-azacitidin (AZA)-mediated DNA demethylation of upstream regulatory element (URE).

Biochem/physiol Actions

Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a growth and differentiation factor for cells in the granulocyte, macrophage and eosinophil lineage. GM-CSF stimulates colony formation from pluripotential progenitor cells at extremely low concentrations and is an essential survival and proliferative factor for hematopoietic progenitor cells in all divisions up to maturity. It also stimulates growth in some epithelial cells and osteoclasts. GM-CSF is produced by a variety of cell types (monocytes, endothelial cells, T-cells, fibroblasts, mitogen-stimulated B-cells, and LPS-stimulated macrophages). GM-CSF is secreted as a single chain glycoprotein containing 128 amino acids for human with a conserved disulfide bond. Human and murine GM-CSF share approx. 54% sequence homology and do not cross-react in bioactivity.

Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) is an immune modulator and proinflammatory cytokine. It binds to the heteromeric cell-surface receptors present in the immune cells like granulocytes, endothelial cells and macrophages. GM-CSF is implicated in inflammation associated disorder of the lung and renal system.

Caution

Although human and mouse GM-CSF share 54% amino acid sequence homology, their biological actions are species-specific and exhibit no cross-species reactivity.

General description

Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor is mapped to human chromosome 5q21-q32.

Legal Information

HumanKine is a registered trademark of Proteintech Group, Inc. and Humanzyme, Inc

Physical form

Lyophilized from a 0.2 µm filtered solution of 1x PBS.

Preparation Note

HumanKine GM-CSF is expressed as a 15-36 kDa glycosylated monomer in human HEK 293 cells. Production in human HEK 293 cells offers authentic glycosylation. Glycosylation contributes to stability in cell growth media and other applications. Although human and mouse GM-CSF share 54% amino acid sequence homology, their biological actions are species-specific and exhibit no cross-species reactivity.